Category: Academic Theory

A signpost to useful information on the academic theories and frameworks used in the international business and global strategy literature.

Review of International Business academic literature

This is always a work in progress as new sources are identified and added.

International Entrepreneurship – |International entrepreneurship, born globals and the theory of effectuation |

Internationalisation process | Internet-enabled experiences within the internationalisation process of the firm|Impact of Internationalization on Firm Performance: A Literature Review | Development of a business model for the internationalisation | The Internationalisation process of the firm | The Internationalisation of the firm – 4 case from Sweden |

Firm Capabilities – | Business Capabilities: A Systematic Literature Review and a Research Agenda |

Managing Risk – Enterprise Risk Management |

Geopolitics and International Business – Debate on new global capitalism |Geopolitics and supply chain risk |Geopolitics, Geography, and Strategy History in Geopolitics |Measuring Geopolitical Risk |

Global inequality

What is inequality and how does it affect global business? A curation of resources on the topic is listed here.
Where are the world’s most unequal countries?  |  The world bank data on the Gini index  shows income inequality |  An empirical evidence of how inequality between incomes has changed over time, and how the levels of inequality in different countries is also useful to explore the topic | Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index  which combines a country’s average achievements in health, education and income with how those achievements are distributed among country’s population by “discounting” each dimension’s average value according to its level of inequality can be accessed on the UNDP page |

How to screen country/markets for an attractive entry?

One of the key decisions after making a decision to go global is finding an attractive best fit market based on a firm’s situational analysis.
This article looks at several resources that can be useful in country screening.

1. A Step-by-Step Approach to Market Research provided by the US govt.
2. A case study /dissertation of Market entry strategy for a Finnish International New Venture to the German marke.
3. Market Potential Index (MPI) indexing study is conducted by the Michigan State University — International Business Center to help companies compare prospect markets on several dimensions.
4.Andrew Harrison’s Lecture Programme delivered at the Technical University of Košice.
5.An analysis of American’ multinationals foreign market entry strategies in the European Union agribusiness context.
6. A KPMG briefing document on  Developing a Market Entry Strategy for Poland.
7.Foreign Market Entry Strategies of Japanese MNCs
8.Analysing Foreign Market Entry: The Choice between Greenfield Investment and Acquisitions.
9.Four entry strategies for small and midsized companies into Emerging Markets.
10. A PwC briefing document Market entry and growth in China.
11. A KPMG Briefing document on Market Entry Strategy in India.
12.Russian multinationals: entry strategies and post- entry operations
13. Vietnam Market Entry

Country and States

A list of countries, states , self governing territories .
Start with How Many Countries Are There in the World in 2017 and move on to updates on the world’s countries and borders, a list of Independent States , Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty  and States With Partial recognition. INTERPOL,the world’s largest international police organisation is active in 192 countries. See also Travel Advisories.

The history of Globalisation

When did globalisation begin?   What are the significance of the 15th Century? Did Mexican silver cause a ‘price revolution in Europe? Or did the continent suffer form internal inflationary pressures instead?

Start here with a historical guide . Alok Sheel looks at Globalisation as an interplay of markets, technology and the role of the state.

Cities have played an important role in globalisation unleashing waves of globalisation led economic growth.

How Do FTAs Affect Exporting Firms in Thailand?

Thailand—an outward-oriented regional production hub—is one of East Asia’s most active users of free trade agreements (FTAs) as an instrument of commercial policy. By December 2009, Thailand had 11 concluded FTAs, and more were either under negotiation or proposed. Thai trade negotiators have striven to secure market access via FTAs, but little is known on how FTAs actually affect exporting firms. A survey of 221 exporters in leading sectors forms the basis for the first systematic study of the business impact of FTAs in Thailand. Key findings are as follows: (i) 24.9% of respondents used Thai FTAs as of 2007–2008, and this figure seems set to rise; (ii) 45.9% of respondents said that FTAs had influenced their business plans; (iii) 26.2% of firms felt that dealing with multiple rules of origin adds to business costs, and this is estimated to be less than 1% of export sales; (iv) more than half the sample firms have consulted with government and business associations on FTAs; and (v) a significant demand existed for business development services to adjust to FTAs, particularly for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The findings suggest that Thailand should refine its FTA strategy to take better advantage of regional trade agreements. The study concludes with specific recommendations to improve business awareness of FTAs, encourage greater utilization of FTA preferences, increase competitiveness of local firms, and mitigate the potential effect of multiple rules of origin.⊕

Empirical Relationships among Technological Characteristics, Global Orientation, and Internationalisation of South Korean New Ventures

International new ventures (INVs) that pursue rapid internationalisation have received a growing amount of attention worldwide. This study, therefore, examined characteristics of INVs, and hence investigated empirically the relationships among the technological characteristics of INVs, the characteristics of their chief executive officers (CEOs) (i.e., global orientation), and their internationalisation such as the level of internationalisation. The findings of this study can be summarised as follows: all of the technological characteristics (e.g., technological capacity, imitation, innovation, and standardisation) have significant effects on the internationalisation of INVs. Furthermore, the CEO’s global orientation mediated the relationship between the technological characteristics and internationalisation. Read More ⊕

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