Tag: academic theory

theories. academic frameworks. articles. blogs and signposts to other content.

Business Communication Skills for Managers

In Business Communication Skills for Managers, students learn how to effectively communicate in business, with an emphasis on the use of these skills as a manager. The course introduces important elements of successful communication, providing examples of effective communication and providing students opportunities to practice the same. The course covers the essentials of communication including professional writing, visual aids, presentations, speeches, phone and online communication, and both getting hired and finding new hires. This course is available on LUMEN

The circumnavigation of the globe in 1519

Ferdinand Magellan¹  c. 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano. You can read more about this event in Global strategy from the following sources

| The WTO report on trends in International Business which begins with a historical analysis of trade developments from pre-industrial times to the present, focusing on the key role that technology and institutions have played in the past| The West Indies & Manila Galleons: the First Global Trade Route | Globalization, trade, and development: some lessons from history | Globalization: a short history 

 

Sources
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan

Government export control list

Export control list can determine market access and exports of good.   You can find the following resources useful.
1.UK Strategic Export Control Lists |The UK Strategic Export Control¹ Lists form the basis of determining whether any products, software or technology that you intend to export are ‘controlled’ and therefore require an export licence
2.OGEL and Goods Checker Tools |The Goods Checker helps to establish if your items are controlled and identify the appropriate control entry (‘rating’) reference from the UK Strategic Export Control Lists.
3.Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) |A key in determining whether an export license is needed from the Department of Commerce is finding out if the item you intend to export has a specific Export Control Classification Number (ECCN)².
4. Canadian Export list | The Export Control List identifies specific goods and technology that are controlled for export from Canada to other countries, regardless of their means of delivery (including, for example, shipment of goods, electronic transfer or transmission of information.
5.Overview of U.S. Export Control System |
6. Hong Kong’s Control List |
7. German Export Control list |
8. New Zealand Export Control list |
9.Wassenaar Arrangement | The Wassenaar Arrangement³ has been established in order to contribute to regional and international security and stability, by promoting transparency and greater responsibility in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies, thus preventing destabilising accumulations.
10. Australia Export Control list |

 

 

 

Sources:
1. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/uk-strategic-export-control-lists-the-consolidated-list-of-strategic-military-and-dual-use-items
2.https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/licensing/commerce-control-list-classification/export-control-classification-number-eccn.
3.https://www.wassenaar.org

The history of Globalisation

When did globalisation begin?   What are the significance of the 15th Century? Did Mexican silver cause a ‘price revolution in Europe? Or did the continent suffer form internal inflationary pressures instead?

Start here with a historical guide . Alok Sheel looks at Globalisation as an interplay of markets, technology and the role of the state.

Cities have played an important role in globalisation unleashing waves of globalisation led economic growth.

Global value chains

International production, trade and investments are increasingly organised within so-called global value chains (GVCs) where the different stages of the production process are located across different countries. Globalisation motivates companies to restructure their operations internationally through outsourcing and offshoring of activities according to the OECD. According to UNCTAD, the rise of the global value chains (GVCs) is reshaping the whole structure of worldwide trade flows. It is no longer true that all, or even the bulk of the value of a country’s exports can be assumed to be domestically produced. GVCs also contribute to the development of individual economies, creating jobs and value added country based activities. However, participating in global value chains does not automatically improve living standards and social conditions in a country (World Bank, 2017).A critique of mainstream and critical versions of Global Commodity Chain analysis has looked at the effect of nationalism and global value chains and the effect of low cost labour inputs on country competitiveness.
Institutional environments and governance do play an import role in GVC effectiveness.

The  value added by each country in the production of goods and services that are consumed worldwide can be accessed using Trade in Value data from the OECD as well as country specific statistical profiles from the WTO.These statistical profiles show the value-added content in an economy’s exports, its participation in global value chains and the contribution of services to the value-added content of exports. They also cover trade in intermediate goods and services, trade facilitation and foreign direct investment. The OECD has produced a 2016 EDITION OF TIVA INDICATORS (1995-2011) that can accessed online as well as downloaded as a. XLS file.

The UNCTAD-Eora GVC Database – part of UNCTAD’s FDI-TNCs-GVC Information System – provides new perspectives on trade links between economies, on the distribution of value added, income and employment resulting from trade, on the investment-trade nexus and on how transnational corporations (TNCs), through equity and contractual modes, shape patterns of value added trade.

Useful Resources
Tracing the Value-added in Global Value Chains: Product-level Case Studies in China . Read it here
Implication of Global Value Chains for Trade, Investment, Development and Jobs. Read it here
Some global value indicators can be accessed here
Making Global Value Chains Work for Development is a world bank book
The governance of global value chains– an article that builds a theoretical framework to help explain governance patterns in global value chains
An overview of the key concepts and methodological tools in GVC can be accessed here and is a very introduction to the concepts
Global value chains in a changing world- its risks and effects in Emerging Markets can be accessed here

 

Empirical Relationships among Technological Characteristics, Global Orientation, and Internationalisation of South Korean New Ventures

International new ventures (INVs) that pursue rapid internationalisation have received a growing amount of attention worldwide. This study, therefore, examined characteristics of INVs, and hence investigated empirically the relationships among the technological characteristics of INVs, the characteristics of their chief executive officers (CEOs) (i.e., global orientation), and their internationalisation such as the level of internationalisation. The findings of this study can be summarised as follows: all of the technological characteristics (e.g., technological capacity, imitation, innovation, and standardisation) have significant effects on the internationalisation of INVs. Furthermore, the CEO’s global orientation mediated the relationship between the technological characteristics and internationalisation. Read More ⊕

International Market Orientation and Management Capabilities as Determinants of the New Ventures’ International Behaviour

The main research objectives of this paper are the analysis of the influence of international market orientation and the management capabilities derived from that orientation on international new ventures’ (INVs) behavior. Foreign market geographical diversification and the commitment involved in entry modes are considered to reflect this international behavior. Thus existing International Entrepreneurship literature is developed by analyzing the behavior of INVs explaining and testing how international market orientation and management capabilities affect geographical diversification and the commitment involved in entry modes. The empirical study confirms this influence. Read more ⊕

International expansion of Colombian firms: Understanding their emergence in foreign markets

This paper aims to show that, although there is no evidence of a generalized pattern within the internationalization process of Colombian firms, there are common features in the majority of the observed firms: the election of exportations as the main entrance tool, the entrance to countries within a short geographical and psychological distance, and the development of local strategic advantages that eventually replicate abroad. A poll and a structured interview were used, including numerical and categorical variables, followed by a cross analysis ofcases. It was also found that internationalization decisions operate under an ad-hoc basis and rely heavily on the experience and intuition of top decision-makers at the company level. Read more⊕

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